Ligaya Avenida imports Filipino teachers for California
Ligaya Avenida imports Filipino teachers for California
Date: Tuesday, January 11, 2005 2:34 PM
JOB DESTRUCTION NEWSLETTER
by Rob Sanchez
January 11, 2005 No. 1176
Ligaya Avenida is called a recruiter for foreign teachers, but that
title just doesn't do her credit. She is an international slave trader
that makes vast sums of money by replacing American school teachers
with indentured labor from the Philippines.
In 1998 the San Francisco Unified School District forced more than 400
teachers to take early retirement. Shortly after routing these higher
paid senior teachers out of the school system, the SFUSD declared that
there was a shortage of teachers. This shortage was manufactured in
order to justify the replacement of these American teachers with cheap
foreign labor.
There is no question that the SFUSD needed teachers in 1998,
when Avenida made one of her recruiting trips to Manila.
The district had, shortly before, offered an early retirement
plan aimed at clearing out teachers at the top of the salary
scale. Suffice it to say, the offer was popular. More than 400
teachers left the district, causing an immediate shortage. And,
like nearly every district in California, the SFUSD is constantly
desperate for math, science, and special education teachers.
The SFUSD planned to import Filipino teachers recruited by Ligaya
Avenida to the U.S. on H1-B visas until they found out that the yearly
cap had been reached so no more H-1B visas could be issued. That didn't
stop Avenida though - she just brought them in on J-1 teacher visas.
.... because the H1-B program was full, the district would be
using J visas to bring the teachers to San Francisco. The J visa
restricts the teachers to a maximum three-year stay, which will
be up next year.
This wasn't just a bum deal for the 400 teachers that were replaced by
Filipinos - the schools wouldn't even hire Filipinos that were US
citizens! Sophia New couldn't get a teaching job even though she was
born in the Philippines and immigrated to San Francisco in 1980. While
the school was screaming about teaching shortages, New could only find
part time teaching jobs.
Sophia New would like to know why the school district didn't
hire Filipino-American teachers in the same manner. New, a
long-term substitute in the SFUSD, applied for a full-time
teaching job before the foreign teachers were hired, but was
unsuccessful.
Sophia New decided to fight back so she filed a discrimination
complaint against the school district with the federal Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission. The Dept. of Labor ruled against New, claiming
that she wasn't "more qualified" than the Filipino teachers. It appears
that the bar has been raised for US citizens because they have to be
better than the H-1Bs in order to be hired. Just as good is not good
enough according the DOL.
New and another teacher also filed a complaint with the civil
rights division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the
wage and hour division of the U.S. Department of Labor. The
Justice Department found no discrimination against New.
Investigators found that New was not more qualified
(especially in math, science, and special education ) than the
Filipino teachers, and therefore not discriminated against.
Justice officials refused comment on whether or not they are
investigating the circumstances surrounding the recruitment
of foreign teachers.
Sophia New wasn't good enough according to the DOL despite the fact
that she had a Master's degree from Manila and had been teaching part
time in San Francisco for years. Her extensive experience and education
would seem to make her far more qualified than the Filipino teachers
that have never set foot in an American school. If that isn't absurd
enough, the U.S. State Department says that J visas are issued so that
teachers can come to the US to get trained. If these foreign teachers
need so much training then why are they more deserving of a teaching
job than Sophia New?
The U.S. State Department allows a fixed number of teachers
in on J visas, or "exchange visas," for the purpose of cultural
exchange and training. The idea being that the person on the J
visa is not coming to fill a job, so much as to gain a particular
skill or insight.
Ligaya Avenida received lots of cash to set up this indentured labor
program for the SFUSD. These fees are similar to what she charged the
Baltimore and Ohio schools.
Part of Sophia New's lawsuit claims that Avenida was paid by the
foreign worker to process the visas even though it's illegal to receive
money for processing guest-worker visas. As you will see from the
previous newsletter on Baltimore, Avenida definitely charges money to
process the visas of these teachers, but in this case she claimed that
all the money went to Philippine businessman Eduardo Encinas. While
these two crooks point fingers at each other they are laughing all the
way to the bank.
"All of the 13 teachers paid $3,000 each to a middleman who said
that he is going to share the amount with Ligaya Avenida of the
Human Services, SFUSD."
Avenida says that she did not receive any of the money paid to
Encinas. And, contrary to what the teachers in Manila say,
Avenida claims none of the applicants was required to pay fees
in advance.
Employers shout about shortages to justify their hiring of cheap
foreign labor and to deflect attention from their blatant
discrimination against US citizens and naturalized Americans. In this
case, the Filipino teachers are paid $30,000 a year to live in one of
the most expensive cities in the U.S.
Meanwhile, a businessman supposedly working on behalf of the
district appears to have collected $3,000 from at least 15
teachers for the privilege of coming to a $30,000-a-year job
in one of the most expensive cities in the United States, all
in the name of cultural exchange.
The second article is a commentary by Gracia Romero, a Filipino teacher
that Avenida imported to the US on an H-1B visa. Romero refers to
Avenida with the title of "Dr. Avenida", but according to Avenida's
website her highest degree earned is a Master's degree. You might find
it interesting reading about how British Petroleum (BP) is spending
money to train her to teach in the U.S.
Ligaya Avenida's website is at:
http://www.ligayaavenida.com/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.sfweekly.com/issues/2000-02-23/news/bayview.html
Originally published by SF Weekly Feb 23, 2000
)2005 New Times, Inc. All rights reserved.
Off the Books
A school district administrator's extracurricular foreign recruiting
prompts investigations in two countries
BY LISA DOSTROVO
Ligaya Avenida is seen here (left) addressing Filipino teachers at a
recent conference of the Filipino American Educators Association of
California.
A school district administrator's extracurricular foreign recruiting
prompts investigations in two countries On a March day in 1998, scores
of hopeful Filipino teachers filled a meeting room of the elegant
Peninsula Hotel in the financial district of Manila. Most were from top
universities in the Philippines, and many were already teaching
somewhere in that country. They'd come to this meeting after seeing
advertisements at their universities or hearing from friends that a
recruiter from the San Francisco Unified School District was in town.
She was looking to hire teachers, and those assembled were interested
in jobs in the United States.
The job seekers listened as Ligaya Avenida, an SFUSD administrator,
introduced herself and her associates, then gave a rundown of how the
hiring process would work. The first step of the screening required all
of the applicants to take a written test. It assessed their competency,
and the likelihood that they later could pass the official test
required to gain California teaching credentials.
The following day, teachers who scored well on the test were invited
back to the hotel for individual interviews with Avenida. One after the
other, a steady stream of teachers filed in for half-hour sessions.
The following month, 15 teachers were notified that they'd been chosen
to work at the SFUSD. They were told that a Philippine businessman --
Eduardo Encinas -- would handle the arrangements to get them to the
U.S. The teachers were also told they would each have to pay Encinas
$3,000 to handle paperwork and travel arrangements.
Now, nearly two years later, Avenida's recruiting trip is drawing
scrutiny from at least three federal agencies in two countries.
Philippine investigators have already concluded that Avenida and
Encinas probably broke that country's laws. In the U.S., the Department
of Labor is investigating whether the teachers were brought to this
country in violation of federal laws governing the hiring of foreign
workers.
In addition, Avenida took the recruiting trips to the Philippines on
her own initiative -- there was no specific SFUSD program, board
directive, or funding for the scouting mission. And Encinas -- the
Philippine businessman who received $3,000 from each of the teachers
Avenida recruited -- is an associate of Avenida and her husband in a
private business.
Some of the questions raised by Avenida's recruiting trip have also
made their way into San Francisco Superior Court, where an S.F. teacher
is suing the school district for discrimination, claiming that she was
passed up for a full-time job when the foreign teachers were hired.
To be sure, the entire process of hiring foreign teachers is difficult.
Like many school districts, the SFUSD is strapped for teachers, and has
also recruited them from Hong Kong and Mexico.
But the hiring of the Filipino teachers is strikingly different from
other foreign recruiting done by the SFUSD. None of the other foreign
teachers hired by the SFUSD were made to pay for their jobs. There was
no middleman consultant involved in any of the other SFUSD recruiting.
And certainly none of the other recruits paid a middleman who was a
business associate of an SFUSD administrator.
Ligaya Avenida, a Philippine native, has worked her way up from teacher
to various administrative positions in the San Francisco Unified School
District during the past 27 years. As a program director in the human
resources department, she is now in charge of recruiting and hiring
teachers. She is also founder and former president of the Organization
of Filipino Educators.
There is no question that the SFUSD needed teachers in 1998, when
Avenida made one of her recruiting trips to Manila. The district had,
shortly before, offered an early retirement plan aimed at clearing out
teachers at the top of the salary scale. Suffice it to say, the offer
was popular. More than 400 teachers left the district, causing an
immediate shortage. And, like nearly every district in California, the
SFUSD is constantly desperate for math, science, and special education
teachers.
Between 1997 and 1999, Avenida made two trips to Manila to recruit
teachers for the SFUSD, as well as coordinating the efforts of
recruiters from other California districts. Oddly, the SFUSD did not
pay for her trips.
Instead, Avenida says, she took time during her own vacations in Manila
to recruit. "I could have had the school district pay for me to go,"
Avenida says, but did not "in the interest of saving some money."
But Avenida's informal trips may have run afoul of Philippine law.
Last fall, the Republic of the Philippines' National Bureau of
Investigation, which is roughly akin to the FBI, recommended that
charges be filed against Avenida and Encinas for illegal recruiting.
According to NBI investigator Raul Bolivar, the two did not register
with the government as recruiters, as required by the Philippine
Overseas Employment Agency. The NBI also questions why two teachers
wound up paying money to Encinas even though they never came to the
U.S. The investigation in Manila is still pending, and no formal
charges have been filed.
Hiring foreign workers is tricky business in the best of circumstances.
Each year, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
issues a limited number of work visas to foreign professionals. Known
as H1-B visas, they are commonly used by Silicon Valley employers to
hire foreign engineers and the like. Once the maximum number of visas
has been issued, the doors are closed until the next year.
An H1-B visa requires that an employer sponsor the recipient for a
particular job. And, the U.S. Department of Labor mandates that
employers meet certain requirements in hiring foreign workers using
H1-B visas, including that they pay prevailing wage, and that they
publicize the jobs prior to filling them with foreign workers, giving
U.S. citizens the right to apply or complain.
Initially, the plan was to bring the Filipino teachers recruited by
Avenida to the U.S. on H1-B visas.
After they were selected, each of the 15 teacher candidates was
contacted by Eduardo Encinas, the Philippine businessman who was
supposed to help them arrange for their visas and travel.
In court papers, Avenida says that she knew Encinas through an
associate of her husband's in his international trade business, Avenida
& Associates. However, according to San Mateo business filings, Ligaya
Avenida also is an owner of Avenida & Associates.
Two Philippine teachers who were offered, but ultimately declined,
teaching jobs in San Francisco recall that Avenida introduced Encinas
at the Peninsula Hotel orientation. After they were selected, the
teachers say, they went to a meeting at a bottled water company in
Quezon City (Manila) called Ecogreen International, where Encinas does
business.
Encinas gave each of the 15 recruits a written offer for a teaching job
from the San Francisco Unified School District, on school district
letterhead, signed by Dr. William Rada, assistant superintendent. The
offer to Geraldine Oris, who was to be a bilingual teacher in the
district, was $29,729 -- starting teacher salary at the time -- for one
year beginning in September 1998. Encinas also gave Oris and her
colleagues INS forms to complete for H1-B visas, and discussed payment.
"Mr. Encinas [said], 'You pay $3,000 for everything, that includes
lawyers' fees, tickets, airfare, and other incidental fees,'" Oris
recalls. "'You don't have to pay it all right away. You pay $300 first,
and when everything is OK, you pay the rest.'"
In April 1998, Oris says, she paid Encinas $300 and gave him completed
paperwork for her visa and a copy of her school transcripts. Katrina
dela Cruz, another teacher recruit, says she did the same thing. (Both
teachers later filed sworn statements with the NBI about the
recruiting.)
At the end of June, Oris received a letter from Avenida, again on SFUSD
letterhead, stating that the district had received notification from
the INS that the national quota for H1-B visas had been reached, and
the federal government would not approve the teachers' applications.
Avenida's letter stated that she was exploring options for employing
the teachers with a permit used for participants in international
exchange programs, known as the J visa.
"Originally, we didn't know about the J visa," Avenida explained in a
recent interview. "Until the H1-B visa quota was reached; then we were
sort of caught. Immigration told us that they could not approve it."
Avenida says she asked the California Department of Education about
sponsoring a visiting teachers exchange program. In July, Encinas
called the waiting teachers in Manila to another meeting. According to
Oris and dela Cruz, Encinas told them that because the H1-B program was
full, the district would be using J visas to bring the teachers to San
Francisco. The J visa restricts the teachers to a maximum three-year
stay, which will be up next year.
"Some people wanted to go ahead and use J visas and others wanted to
wait for the next H1-B [cycle]," says Oris. "I told [Encinas] I'm not
getting the job because I wasn't sure about the J visa. And besides, I
had already enrolled in school [for a master's degree]."
Dela Cruz also did not accept the position in San Francisco. But
neither teacher received her $300 back -- nor, for that matter, did
they request it -- which is a matter of particular concern to the NBI,
according to investigator Bolivar. The remaining 13 teachers came to
San Francisco in August 1998, and began working in the district. None
was available for comment. It's unknown if, how, or to whom they paid
the remainder of the $3,000. However, part of the discrimination
lawsuit against the San Francisco Unified School District filed in 1998
claims that Avenida received some of the money. In a statement filed
with the suit, two people involved in elementary school programs said
that they were told the following by Mitsi Carmona, one of the Filipino
teachers:
"All of the 13 teachers paid $3,000 each to a middleman who said that
he is going to share the amount with Ligaya Avenida of the Human
Services, SFUSD."
Avenida says that she did not receive any of the money paid to Encinas.
And, contrary to what the teachers in Manila say, Avenida claims none
of the applicants was required to pay fees in advance.
Although Encinas told the recruits part of their fees would be used to
pay lawyers, Avenida says no lawyers were involved in the process.
Instead, she says, the California Department of Education handled the
visa paperwork. Avenida says Encinas was actually a consultant for the
SFUSD, even though he was never paid by the district. She explains the
basis for the $3,000 fees this way:
"I think that part of it was to pay for the transportation. In order to
make this right, we had to ask someone in the Philippines [Encinas] to
do all of the legwork. We needed to make sure that employment
experience [of the prospective teachers] was validated -- there are
many instances where we find fraudulent things.
"There were some costs with whatever the consultant [Encinas] had to
do. I believe it was $2,500 to $3,000. They had nothing to do with a
lawyer. There was no lawyer involved. The visa was given by the state
department [California Department of Education].
"The cost was for [Encinas] preparing whatever is needed, the
background check and making sure that the candidates were truly
qualified. Whatever clearance is needed in order for them to leave the
country. The fee was never to go for any kind of visa from here.
"The only conditions was that he had exclusive right to do travel
arrangements and charge them a fee. He had been in the travel business
for about 15 years. During the time that he was a travel agent, he
worked with people going overseas. We simply hired him as a consultant.
"If we had to pay [costs to bring in foreign teachers]," she said, "we
wouldn't recruit from there."
By all accounts, the 13 teachers who arrived from the Philippines in
1998 to teach in the San Francisco Unified School District are
well-educated and qualified. They received emergency teaching
credentials, which grant any new teacher one year to pass California's
teacher credential test, and two years to make up missing education
credits. Of course, the Filipino teachers were also bilingual Tagalog
and English educators.
Sophia New would like to know why the school district didn't hire
Filipino-American teachers in the same manner. New, a long-term
substitute in the SFUSD, applied for a full-time teaching job before
the foreign teachers were hired, but was unsuccessful.
She filed a discrimination complaint against the district with the
federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. After attempts to
mediate the dispute between New and the school district failed, the
EEOC issued a statement that essentially said New had the right to take
the school district to court. And, she did.
In November 1998, New filed a lawsuit against the district, Avenida,
Assistant Superintendent William Rada, and Leni Juarez, principal at
the district's Filipino Education Center. New alleges that she was
discriminated against because she was denied a full-time teaching
position in the district when the Filipino teachers were hired.
New immigrated from the Philippines to San Francisco in 1980. She has a
nearly complete master's degree in Oriental cultures from the
University of Santo Tomas in Manila. She's been either a teacher's aide
or substitute teacher in the SFUSD schools since 1988. During that
time, she says, she completed her teaching credential program at
California State University at Hayward and the University of San
Francisco. She has had emergency credentials and temporary credentials
from the state. Now a certified bilingual teacher, New commutes daily
to the West Contra Costa Unified School District, where she is a
full-time elementary school teacher.
For some reason, despite its teacher shortage, the SFUSD would not hire
Sophia New. In her lawsuit, New claims Avenida instead chose to hire
friends and relatives, including Avenida's daughter, who is a teacher
in the district. New also claims that she was not hired so that Avenida
and the school district could bring in foreign workers.
Avenida and the district have denied New's allegations. But New didn't
just take her complaints to the courthouse.
New and another teacher also filed a complaint with the civil rights
division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the wage and hour
division of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Justice Department found
no discrimination against New. Investigators found that New was not
more qualified (especially in math, science, and special education )
than the Filipino teachers, and therefore not discriminated against.
Justice officials refused comment on whether or not they are
investigating the circumstances surrounding the recruitment of foreign
teachers.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Labor has an active investigation
into the visa program of the San Francisco Unified School District.
Labor investigators declined to mention specifics, but sources close to
the case say the department is looking at whether the district violated
the law by improperly bringing in the foreign teachers.
The U.S. State Department allows a fixed number of teachers in on J
visas, or "exchange visas," for the purpose of cultural exchange and
training. The idea being that the person on the J visa is not coming to
fill a job, so much as to gain a particular skill or insight.
"Each school district takes on orientation and staff development for
them," says Edda Caraballo, a bilingual education consultant in the
California Department of Education's Migrant International Education
Office. "Throughout a lot of the multicultural orientation and staff
development, they get a lot of understanding of American culture."
California has more than 200 teachers from a handful of countries
working with J visas in schools through something called the Exchange
Visitor Program. Some 45 of those are from the Philippines, many
recruited with the assistance of Avenida.
Avenida asserts that the recruits really are exchange teachers, despite
the fact that the J visa program was used only after the INS refused
work visas for the teachers. She describes San Francisco's program:
"Their [cultural] exchange would be the fact that they are with
American students and American colleagues. The intent is for them to be
able to learn. They will be here for three years only."
Caraballo, who assisted the SFUSD in obtaining J visas for the Filipino
teachers, says that the State Department is strict in not letting the J
visas become substitute work visas as demand rises. In fact, Caraballo
says she now advises school districts to recruit with regular H1-B
(work) visas in order to avoid problems.
But that's exactly where the problems began for the SFUSD. Were this a
traditional teacher exchange program, there would have been agreements
already in place with specific foreign countries -- like Spain, which
has been sending teachers to the United States for several years.
(Caraballo says that California is still working on an agreement with
the Philippines.) And, in a typical exchange program, there would be a
certain number of spaces set aside each year for teachers.
Instead, the school district attempted to hire foreign teachers with a
work visa, for which it apparently didn't file the proper paperwork.
And when that didn't work, the district obtained "visiting teacher"
visas through the state Department of Education for the same teachers.
Meanwhile, a businessman supposedly working on behalf of the district
appears to have collected $3,000 from at least 15 teachers for the
privilege of coming to a $30,000-a-year job in one of the most
expensive cities in the United States, all in the name of cultural
exchange.
The Labor Department is also investigating the fees the recruits were
required to pay Encinas. Under current law, employers are prohibited
from charging a fee for visas, but there is no penalty for doing so
(this will change with an amendment that goes into effect later this
year). Employers must also pay foreign workers "prevailing wage." If
the Filipino teachers were made to pay $3,000, or about 10 percent of
their salary, to their employer or a representative of their employer,
then they may no longer be making the same wage as their American
counterparts.
Each violation carries a minimum fine of $1,000.
Last October, two of the 13 teachers who had been recruited from the
Philippines died in a shocking explosion of violence. Noel Ridual, a
math teacher at Lincoln High School, and Maria Marquicias, a special
education teacher at Balboa High School, shared a flat in San
Francisco. Ridual's wife and toddler had recently come from the
Philippines to join him.
Lorenzo "Sol" Silva, a 62-year-old security guard who lived downstairs,
walked into the teachers' apartment and started shooting. All of the
adults died instantly, and Silva then killed himself. Jessica Ridual,
the 2-year-old daughter of Noel Ridual and his wife, was wounded, but
survived. Ridual's wife's parents came to San Francisco to pick up
their granddaughter, and take their daughter's and son-in-law's bodies
back home.
Now, only 11 of the original 15 teachers recruited in 1998 remain in
San Francisco.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.catanduanes.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=476&mode=flat&order=0&thold=0
Our Community: Conquering the Global Arena
Posted by: guigsy0702 on Oct 24, 2004 - 04:27 AM
by: Ma. Gracia Romero
Sacramento, California - British Petroleum (BP), one of the worlds
leading energy businesses, recently awards the states finest science
teachers with $2 million in grants for innovative integration of energy
awareness in the classroom including a Filipino science teacher of the
Sacramento City Unified School District (SCUSD).
Ma. Mitzie Romero of Community Day High School joins the other 185
winners of BPs first education program for California teachers, A+
for Energy, in a ceremony held at the Universal Studios in Los Angeles
last October 5. She received ten thousand dollars in grant for A+
for Energy: An A+ Challenge to Highly-at-Risks Students of Community
Day High School.
Aside from the grant money, Romero was also awarded with a scholarship
to attend a five-day training conference hosted by National Energy
Education Development (NEED) Project to be held in Long Beach in July
2005.
"As a global company, BP prides itself on providing opportunities for
people who want to impact the world by creating new ideas and achieving
performance standards that meet BP's aspirations to be one of the
world's best companies," said Ross Pillari, President of BP America
Inc. "BP's A+ for Energy program was developed to capture that spirit
of innovation. We want to recognize those California teachers who
inspire learning in their students by creating exciting and memorable
experiences around the subject of energy."
Presented directly to teachers who submit creative classroom,
after-school, extra-curricular or summer activities focused on energy
education and/or energy conservation, the A+ for Energy grant amounts
equal to $5,000 or $10,000.
"This program is about combining the creative talents of these
extraordinary teachers with the incredible opportunity to help students
become informed decision makers as they approach adulthood. The
additional classroom resources we're offering teachers is our way of
saying thank you for a job well done; but even more importantly, it's
also our way of demonstrating support for their commendable efforts to
develop our greatest natural resource -- California's youth," Pillari
added.
"It is really a great honor to win such award, especially for my school
because we are not equipped with the right apparatuses to conduct
science experiments", Romero explained. She added that her school being
a continuation school has highly-at-risks students that needs a
different approach to teaching energy in the classroom.
The grant, which is also the only winning grant for SCUSD, focuses on
integration of energy awareness among students of a continuation high
school where Romero is working for the second year. "To enhance the
awareness of the students, I included rap-making contests and solar
cars assemble n race in the grant proposal and Im really
excited about it", she further explained.
Romero is one of the educators sponsored by the SCUSD who were
recruited straight from the Philippines and were given a H-1B working
visa. "We have undergone a rigorous selection process in the
Philippines, we were actually interviewed by the districts
representatives", she explained.
"We applied through Dr. Ligaya Avenida, and she took care of all our
immigration papers. The teachers that were selected certainly were
among the best teachers in the Philippines, they hold positions in
major college and universities in the Philippines", she further
explained.
She explained that there were more than two thousand applicants and
only 137 were selected and assigned to different states all over the
US. "There were some in San Jose and Oakland, but only 22 were assigned
here in Sacramento", she said.
Romero, on her third year as a teacher at SCUSD, said she encountered a
lot of problems as a teacher but homesickness is the worst. "There are
times especially on my first year here in Sacramento when I have to ask
myself, do I really have to be away from my family just to ensure a
better future for my two children? But Im a lot better now that my 2
kids are here and my husband is coming this November and will be
staying with us for good", she said. Romero is married to Domingo
Romero from Virac and is blessed with 2 daughters, Grace and Kristina.
Romero is a former teacher at the Catanduanes State Colleges Laboratory
High School where she taught science for 23 years and was a
critic/mentor teacher. She has been a recipient of national awards and
recognition for science researches.
.... Ma. Gracia Romero graduated at .University of the Philippines
Baguio, BA Mass Communication - Journalism. She finished high school at
CSCLHS. She worked as a news reporter at the Philippine Information
Agency (CAR) and as intern broadcaster of ABS CBN TV Patrol Northern
Luzon She is currently the community news editor of Philippine Fiesta,
a Filipino newspaper in Sacramento, California and is working on her
second degree in Registered Nursing.
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