10 Outsourcing Articles
10 Outsourcing Articles
Date: Thursday, December 18, 2003 12:19 PM
JOB DESTRUCTION NEWSLETTER
www.ZaZona.com
Article 1:
http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_id=2235022&subjectID=348909&emailauth=%2527%2528P64HN%255B%255E
S0UL%250A
India's IT industry
Bangalore, Texas
The Indians are coming
OFFSHORING, the process by which a well-paying IT job in, say, Dayton,
Ohio, becomes a much lower-paying IT job in Bangalore, India, has been
spreading terror through America's cubicle farms recently. But even as
jobs go to India - this week, AT&T was the latest big firm to talk of
shifting a chunk of its workforce there - the Indians are hiring in
America.
Article 2:
http://news.indiainfo.com/2003/12/12/12ukindia.html
'India and China will soon rule the economic world'
Peter Luff, chairman, Conservative Parliamentary Friends of India,
during the course of a debate on the outsourcing of financial services
jobs in the House of Commons, said that India and China will rule the
economic world a few years from now and that Britain must understand
this reality and adapt to it.
Article 3:
http://www.ctnow.com/news/local/hc-jobs1214.artdec14,1,5196906.story?coll=hc-headlines-local
Protesters Want Jobs Kept In U.S.
Activists protesting the giveaway of American jobs to foreigners got
frequent honks of support and thumbs-up signs Saturday from motorists
at a New Britain shopping center.
Article 4:
http://www.siliconindia.com/shownewsdata.asp?newsno=22200
Lehman stops outsourcing tech help to Wipro
In yet another sign of backlash against using "offshore" labour, Lehman
Brothers Holdings has stopped using Indian workers for its internal
computer help desk.
Article 5:
http://www.techsunite.org/news/techind/031216_wa_offshoring.cfm
WA State Government Ships IT Work Offshore
For 12 years, Dario Giraldo developed information technology systems
for the Washington state government. Eighteen months ago the veteran
programmer and software architect was laid off -- and then replaced
with a less-expensive Indian programmer brought to the United States on
a work visa. He said the manager bragged he could hire the foreign
workers for "almost nothing, and they work 60 hours a week" without
overtime pay, and without complaints.
Article 6:
http://money.cnn.com/2003/10/29/technology/techinvestor/hellweg/index.htm
City Hall farms out IT
State and local government IT outsourcing is set to explode. Here's a
look at who's best positioned.
October 29, 2003: 11:02 AM EST
One concept currently gaining favor among state and local governments
is IT outsourcing. Rather than purchasing and maintaining the massive
technology infrastructure necessary to run certain government
operations, states and cities can reap some cost-cutting advantages
through outsourcing.
Article 7:
http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16700603
Report: Offshore Outsourcing Often Still More The Exception Than The
Rule
A Forrester Research report says most major companies have yet to
outsource overseas and are just beginning to investigate it. While
every day seems to bring news of more IT jobs moving offshore--such as
Monday's report in The Wall Street Journal that IBM plans to move as
many as 4,730 programming jobs to China, India, and elsewhere--such
stories may represent the exception rather than the rule, at least in
the near term.
Article 8:
http://money.cnn.com/2003/12/17/pf/q_nomorework/index.htm?cnn=yes
Vanishing jobs
Structural change in the economy means many jobs are never going to
come back.
Article 9:
http://www.internetnews.com/wireless/article.php/3288471
AMD Goes On The Offensive
Following last month's news about a new plant in Germany, the
Sunnyvale, Calif.-based company Thursday said it is establishing a new
wholly owned subsidiary and more laboratories in Beijing, China to
spread its development initiatives.
Article 10:
http://www.iht.com/articles/120443.html
Outsourcing: The calculus of migrating jobs
The outsourcing of jobs to lower-cost locations is not new, but it has
a chilling new adjective: professional.
http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_id=2235022&subjectID=348909&emailauth=%2527%2528P64HN%255B%255E
S0UL%250A
India's IT industry
Bangalore, Texas
Nov 20th 2003 | NEW YORK
From The Economist print edition
The Indians are coming
OFFSHORING, the process by which a well-paying IT job in, say, Dayton,
Ohio, becomes a much lower-paying IT job in Bangalore, India, has been
spreading terror through America's cubicle farms recently. But even as
jobs go to India - this week, AT&T was the latest big firm to talk of
shifting a chunk of its workforce there - the Indians are hiring in
America.
This month, two Indian conglomerates, the Godrej Group and the Essar
Group, each said they were to buy a struggling American call-centre
firm. Wipro, an Indian IT services firm, has announced the purchase of
two small American consultancies. Scandent, another Indian group with
interests in the IT industry, has bought a minority stake in North
American Benefits Network, which administers company health and
benefits plans. Other firms flush with cash, such as Infosys, a big
rival to Wipro, are said to be seeking deals.
Officials at Nasscom, the Indian software industry's trade group, say
that their members have made cumulative investments of $350m abroad
recently, most of it in America. Having cut their teeth subcontracting
for big western firms such as IBM and Accenture, the Indians now want
to build closer relationships with customers - big firms that are
outsourcing everything from systems maintenance to accounting. To do
that, Indian firms need to offer the ability to run call centres and
the like from America as well as from India.
They are also trying to counter the push of firms such as IBM, EDS and
Accenture into India, and of western IT service firms into the
consultancy business, a move that threatens to strengthen western
control of customer relationships. Wipro, for instance, has bought the
energy practice of American Management Systems, a Boston-based
consultancy, and NerveWire, a business and IT consultancy specialising
in the financial services industry.
Pawan Kumar, chair of vMoksha, a young Indian IT firm, thinks that the
Indians face a bigger challenge managing their American acquisitions
than experienced American multinationals face in India.
At the least, these foreign purchases should help tackle a growing
image problem. As Indian firms have sucked jobs out of America, worries
have grown in India about a protectionist backlash in Washington, DC.
Work visas are harder to come by for travelling Indian programmers.
Indian firms also worry about American government use of
data-protection and homeland-security laws to thwart business. Nasscom
has retained Hill & Knowlton, a big PR firm, to help manage politics
and the press in America and Britain (where offshoring is also a hot
issue). Their goal, says Harris Miller of the Information Technology
Association of America, an industry lobby group, is to convince
Americans that they are not just Indian companies but "global firms,
with a local face here".
http://news.indiainfo.com/2003/12/12/12ukindia.html
'India and China will soon rule the economic world'
Friday, December 12 2003 13:04 Hrs (IST)
London: Peter Luff, chairman, Conservative Parliamentary Friends of
India, during the course of a debate on the outsourcing of financial
services jobs in the House of Commons, said that India and China will
rule the economic world a few years from now and that Britain must
understand this reality and adapt to it.
"In a few years, India and China will rule the economic world. We need
to understand that reality and adapt to it. We must not try to resist
it. We need to engage with India, not to treat it as a problem."
"Through our monstrous agriculture policies, we have for years forced
India to export agricultural jobs. For many years before that, during
the time of the British Empire, we forced India to export its
manufacturing jobs to Britain. The boot seems now to be on the other
foot, but there is a mutual benefit to be had from responding
appropriately. The correct response will lead to gains for all," Luff
said.
He recalled the decision of Tesco's chief executive, Sir Terry Leahy,
to invest in India. He quoted Sir Terry saying, "Indeed, by remaining
competitive and innovative, we will create an additional 13,500 jobs in
the UK this year, and over 2,000 jobs specifically in Scotland."
Luff noted that the US economy has already benefited to the tune of $
16 billion in cost savings, while the British economy has saved only $
1 billion.
"Companies have to make a difficult choice. If they do not outsource,
they will probably go under. Some jobs may be lost in the process in
the short term, but the gains are considerable."
PTI
Protesters Want Jobs Kept In U.S.
December 14, 2003
By DIANE LEVICK, Courant Staff Writer
http://www.ctnow.com/news/local/hc-jobs1214.artdec14,1,5196906.story?coll=hc-headlines-local
Activists protesting the giveaway of American jobs to foreigners got
frequent honks of support and thumbs-up signs Saturday from motorists
at a New Britain shopping center.
At least 17 members from three organizations, carrying signs such as
"Outsourcing Is Stealing Billion$ from America," demonstrated outside
Wal-Mart against U.S. companies shifting jobs overseas.
Although the protest was small and low-key, it's part of a widespread
and growing backlash in the nation against shipping jobs to India,
China, and other countries, and bringing foreigners here on visas -
often to replace U.S. workers.
Most of the Hartford area insurers and other companies outsource some
information technology (IT) to offshore firms, saying they need to save
money to remain competitive. Businesses around the nation are also
shifting customer service jobs abroad.
Wal-Mart was not the specific target of Saturday's four-hour
demonstration , though participants would like to see the mammoth
retailer sell more American-made goods.
Instead, the protest was meant "to educate the American public to the
crisis we have in the loss of manufacturing jobs, the loss of IT jobs
and the destruction of the middle class," said Fred Tedesco, president
of Pa-Ted Spring Co. Inc. in Bristol. He's one of the founders of MADe
in USA, a coalition of employees and owners of small and mid-sized
manufacturers dedicated to preserving American manufacturing.
Other organizations represented Saturday were the Organization for the
Rights of American Workers and Rescue American Jobs.
One of the sign-bearers was Marvin Selsky, a computer programmer from
Cromwell who was laid off from Pratt & Whitney in August and found a
new job - but has been told he won't be needed in another few months.
Now Selsky says he constantly worries, "Will I be laid off tomorrow?
Will I be able to feed my kids? I never know day to day when someone's
going to say, `We can't afford you anymore.'"
"I'm really afraid for America; I'm really afraid for the middle
class," said Selsky, 54, who has two children in college.
The critics of offshore outsourcing say the problem reaches far beyond
the Americans who are laid off.
"Every lost job is a lost taxpayer," said James Pace Jr., legislative
affairs director for Rescue American Jobs. Unable to find work as an IT
consultant, Pace says he's working as a car salesman.
States lose income tax revenue when jobs are moved abroad, Pace points
out. Also, the laid-off workers have less money to spend, meaning less
sales tax revenue for states, he noted.
The protesters Saturday said they want state governments to stop
outsourcing jobs, and companies to stop doing business with others that
ship jobs overseas.
Tedesco, for instance, has threatened to pull his firm's 401(k) savings
plan from ING Group. Selsky said Saturday that he's planning to take
his $50,000 401(k) account away from ING.
States should require companies to fill vacant jobs with people who are
on unemployment insurance, before seeking labor elsewhere, Pace said.
The activists also are supporting legislation to close loopholes in
visa laws, which were meant to help employers who can't find Americans
to fill jobs.
Tedesco says there are plans to seek a Bristol city council resolution
prohibiting the city from doing business with companies that "offshore"
jobs.
"This is going to be a big initiative," Tedesco says, referring to the
fight to protect American jobs. "This isn't going to stop here."
http://www.siliconindia.com/shownewsdata.asp?newsno=22200
Tuesday, December 16, 2003
Lehman stops outsourcing tech help to Wipro
siliconindia staff writer Tuesday, December 16, 2003
NEW YORK: In yet another sign of backlash against using "offshore"
labour, Lehman Brothers Holdings has stopped using Indian workers for
its internal computer help desk.
The New York based financial-services firm last year hired two Indian
firms -- Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro -- to manage some of its
information-technology operations.
About six weeks ago, however, Lehman stopped outsourcing its IT help
desk, which handles employee reports of computer problems, to Wipro.
Lehman wasn't satisfied with the level of service, according to people
familiar with the matter.
Lehman spokeswoman Kerrie Cohen confirmed that the firm has brought the
help-desk function back in-house. Lehman's top IT executives disclosed
some details of the change last month on a conference call with Louis
Miscioscia, a Lehman IT-services analyst, and with Lehman clients. The
conference call was held to discuss trends in technology spending.
"In terms of help desk, Indian firms could not provide the level of
quality and services Lehman needs," Miscioscia wrote in a November 28
research note.
http://www.techsunite.org/news/techind/031216_wa_offshoring.cfm
December 16, 2003
WA State Government Ships IT Work Offshore
IBM helps spearhead state's outsourcing efforts
By D. David Beckman
WashTech News
Stop the Offshoring of WA State IT Jobs
Send a message to WA state legislators and let them know that you do
not want government monies to be used to facilitate the destruction of
IT jobs in WA state.
OLYMPIA, Wash. - For 12 years, Dario Giraldo developed information
technology systems for the Washington state government. Eighteen months
ago the veteran programmer and software architect was laid off -- and
then replaced with a less-expensive Indian programmer brought to the
United States on a work visa.
"'We love them,'" Giraldo says his former manager at the Washington
State Department of Social and Health Services told him. Giraldo says
he even offered to cut his standard $65 an hour rate in half to get the
job. He said the manager bragged he could hire the foreign workers for
"almost nothing, and they work 60 hours a week" without overtime pay,
and without complaints.
Faced with ever tightening IT budgets, a growing number of state
agencies are scrambling either to import cheaper foreign workers or to
outsource the work offshore to countries such as Canada or India. The
bottom line: millions of dollars in Washington state's shrinking tax
revenues are leaving the country rather than circulating within the
local economy.
See also:
Tech Workers Testify Before Washington State Legislators
So while Giraldo, 50, beats the streets looking for a job, the state
sends him a check for just under $500 a week in unemployment benefits.
Giraldo, a former aerospace worker who earned a computer science degree
from Evergreen State College in 1989, says writing code is as much
craft as it is a science. The inexpensive foreign workers may have
impressive resumes, but most have logged little work experience.
"These technologies take time to master," he says. "I've seen [samples
of] their work - it is garbage."
Giraldo's harsh assessment might appear to be a case of sour grapes,
but the experience of agencies such as the Washington State Department
of Corrections and the Washington State Health Care Authority so far
seem to bear out his conclusions.
Health Care Authority
Two years ago, the Washington State Health Care Authority began seeking
bids for what it termed a "systems replacement project." The agency
administers the state's Basic Health insurance program and the Public
Employees Benefit Board, an insurance program for state employees.
Agency officials sought to replace its aging hardware and software with
a system better suited to track and administer health care programs for
its half a million enrollees. The state initially approved $4.9 million
for the project. Because of the state's recent budget shortfalls, the
state legislature funded $3.63 million for the project - 25 percent
less than the amount agency heads had budgeted.
What Two Outsourcers Bill the State of Washington
The following table outlines the rates at which Healthaxis Ltd. and
Satyam are billing the Health Care Authority of Washington for various
IT positions. The actual wages of Healthaxis or Satyam employees
filling these positions is a percentage of the bill rate.
Position Rate
Project Manager $51.00
System Analyst $40.00
Lead Analyst/Programmer $38.00
Data Architect $49.00
Programmer $34.00
Partner/Senior Executive $125.00
Test Analyst $40.00
Technician $33.00
Trainer $36.00
Documentation Specialist $36.50
Source: "Composite Rate Structure", Exhibit A, Authorized Porduct and
Price List as of March 18, 2002 for Contract No. 2040-000523 with
Healthaxis, Ltd and the Washington State Health Care Authority.
By early last year, HCA had received written proposals from PeopleSoft,
Inc., Oracle Corp. and its partner Physmark, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu,
and Healthaxis and its partner India-based Satyam Computer Services,
Ltd. In May 2002, HCA awarded the contract to the only bidder that came
in under the funded budget: Healthaxis and Satyam, who bid $3,036, 661.
While Irving, Texas-based Healthaxis administers the project, the
programming is performed in India. Not long after work on the project
began, however, internal HCA documents show that the project was in
trouble. System testing was originally scheduled to be completed by the
end of last April, but the deadline was extended to July 31. That date
was not met, and the deadline was again postponed until Dec. 18, 2003.
According to an HCA internal memo dated Oct. 28, an HCA project
director had determined that "all these delays were caused by poor
quality construction."
While working out technical and scheduling problems is common on most
software projects, what has happened during development of the HCA
project goes beyond the typical development headaches. So far, the
system testing that has been completed shows that the system does not
comply with HCA's documented specifications. An Oct. 28 email message
from HCA project director Rand Daley, sent to three other HCA
officials, including the agency's lawyer, contained an attached memo
that outlined serious problems with the project. "There is significant
risk that the end product will fall short of meeting the agency's
requirements," Daley wrote.
In the memo, HCA project officials wrote "on numerous occasions HCA has
asked Satyam to take responsibility for testing HCA's business
requirements. Satyam has continuously denied they have any
responsibility" to test for the business requirements.
HCA testing revealed serious flaws in the system. One example cited
showed software or database problems that included: "incorrect record
length, invalid fields, dollar fields completely blank, multiple output
records for the same member for the same coverage, and incorrect
employee contribution amount."
HCA also charges that Satyam's design does not match design
requirements, and in several cases, usability is "very bad." The level
of automation in the Satyam design is "significantly less" than that of
HCA's current systems, which Satyam's systems are intended to replace.
"Entering a divorce date," cites one example, "does not change the
marriage status to divorced and does not cancel the spouse's coverage."
Those functions must be done manually.
'I can't haul someone offshore into court for non-performance.'
-- Melodie Bankers, attorney for the Health Care Authority of
Washington
HCA attorney Melodie Bankers says one positive aspect of the project
with Satyam is that it is a fixed-price contract, which means it is in
the best interest, at least financially, of Healthaxis and Satyam to
deliver a satisfactory system to HCA as soon as they can. On the other
hand, her legal options may be limited. "I can't haul someone offshore
into court for non-performance," Bankers says.
The current date when the new systems "go live" - or are installed and
operational - is set for sometime next summer, says HCA Communications
Director Dave Wasser.
Department of Corrections
An IT systems project at the Washington State Department of Corrections
is hardly faring better. The Corrections Department awarded IBM Global
Services a $25.6 million contract on Nov. 30, 1999 to replace its aging
Offender Based Tracking System (OBTS) with a newer system dubbed OMNI,
the Offender Management Network Information system.
According to an IBM Global Services source engaged with the project,
company officials planned to have a team of systems developers spec out
the system. Code authoring and other systems development was then to be
turned over to programming teams at IBM Global Services facilities in
India, and to an offshore subcontractor in India called eSystems.
The contract is divided into three phases, each of which is a benchmark
for the delivery of system module groups. Development of the modules
slated for phase I reportedly was completed by June 30 of this year.
Phase II was scheduled to commence the next day. But work on phase II
deliverables began to bog down, according to the company source,
because of unrealistic expectations on the part of project planners.
"The project is not very well defined," says the IBM source, who
estimates that about 50 IBM employees and subcontractors are at work on
the project. About a dozen of them are in the United States on L-1
visas. Their job has been to prepare development to be outsourced to
India. But the source says that might not happen.
Between May 6, 2001 and Oct. 15 of this year, IBM Global Services
negotiated four amendments with the Corrections Department to extend
the phase II deadline, which is currently set for Dec. 31, 2003.
'The contract is in trouble. The project is not well managed, the
schedule is not realistic.'
-- An IBM source familiar with the company's $25.6 million outsourcing
contract with the WA State Department of Corrections
"The contract is in trouble," he says. "The project is not well
managed, the schedule is not realistic. There's a problem with
expansion of scope. There's a lot of blame on both sides, but it has
really been poorly managed on both sides during the four years it has
been going on."
Morale is also low, he says. IBM developers have been directed to
create specs with such detail that "by the time they hand them off to
offshore developers, they could have written the code themselves."
Boondoggles?
Giraldo claims he knows of a handful of state IT projects sent offshore
that are in trouble because of quality problems, lack of adequate
oversight and accountability. He says agency officials believed sending
development work offshore would save them money, but it may in fact
cost Washington state taxpayers more.
When the costs are finally tallied, he predicts the state will realize
little if any savings. "The sad thing is," says Giraldo, "there are
qualified Washington residents who are willing to do that work for $20
an hour." Either that, he says, or work in a retail store or fast food
outlet for $8 or $9 an hour.
Giraldo also believes the state will find that much of the software
produced offshore will work poorly or not at all.
"You'll see a lot of boondoggles," he says.
http://money.cnn.com/2003/10/29/technology/techinvestor/hellweg/index.htm
City Hall farms out IT
State and local government IT outsourcing is set to explode. Here's a
look at who's best positioned.
October 29, 2003: 11:02 AM EST
By Eric Hellweg, CNN/Money Contributing Columnist
SAN FRANCISCO (CNN/Money) - Thanks to the recall election, California's
financial woes are national news. But the state is hardly alone in
searching for solutions that won't decimate already-thin education
budgets or destroy social services.
One concept currently gaining favor among state and local governments
is IT outsourcing. Rather than purchasing and maintaining the massive
technology infrastructure necessary to run certain government
operations, states and cities can reap some cost-cutting advantages
through outsourcing.
For IT companies, the financial squeeze presents a golden sales
opportunity. Last week, government technology research firm Input
announced that nonfederal spending on IT outsourcing will grow by more
than 130 percent during the next five years, reaching $23 billion by
fiscal 2008. With general business IT spending still depressed, the
IT-services firms -- and their investors -- are desperate for a growth
market.
Three key factors
Three key factors have aligned to make IT outsourcing a more attractive
and viable option for government agencies.
First, the budget crunch is forcing states and municipalities to seek
alternatives to the standard procedure in which technology is purchased
and a staff is hired to maintain it.
Second, the IT professionals currently in place across the country are
growing long in the tooth. With the public sector unable to match the
salaries of the private sector, filling government positions remains a
challenge, and one that's not expected to lessen.
"Retirements will outpace the ability of governments to staff important
technical functional areas," says James Krouse, manager of state and
local market analysis for Input.
Third, the concept of outsourcing has finally come of age. The idea of
farming out an area that is not part of your core competency is no
longer cutting-edge. And the government sector relies on all kinds of
skill sets that are ideally suited for outsourcing, namely repetitive
task processes like managing and dispensing welfare allotments or
keeping track of Medicaid reimbursements.
Already the governments of California, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana,
Kansas, New Jersey, and other states have outsourced some of their
technology functions to IT-services companies. Cities such as
Baltimore, Dallas, and Nashville, Tenn., have gone this route as well.
While many observers immediately think of giants like IBM, Lockheed
Martin, and Oracle when it comes to outsourcing and IT services, these
companies have a long way to go before they become market leaders in
the government segment.
The top five
According to Input, the leading company in the state and local
government IT-outsourcing market is the relatively small (with about
$3.1 billion in annual revenue vs. IBM's nearly $90 billion)
Dallas-based Affiliated Computer Services, which has a 29 percent
market share of state and local government IT-outsourcing contracts.
Rounding out the top five, according to Input, are EDS, Unisys,
Accenture, and IBM.
John Engler, president of EDS's state and local government division and
former governor of Michigan, says the government sector is very
different from other markets.
"There's a great risk in the public sector that any project that
doesn't work becomes a headline and the subject of an investigation,"
he says. "Government projects are just as successful as private-sector
projects, but when they fail, they're more public."
Even though EDS has more than 40 years of experience in fulfilling
state and local government technology needs, the ascendancy of IBM is
something many observers here are watching.
According to Krouse, IBM first started making a concerted effort to
secure state and local government work a couple of years ago. "They've
been increasing their activity in this area," he says. "They bring with
them a noteworthy reputation, which is significant in scoring
government contracts."
Research firm IDC ranks IBM No. 1 in IT outsourcing in nongovernment
markets, and No. 2 behind Computer Sciences Corp. in federal government
outsourcing. IBM representatives could not be reached for comment by
press time.
Thankfully for companies struggling to get into this market, and their
investors, the window of opportunity hasn't closed just yet. Although
the sector is poised for significant growth, Krouse says it likely
won't skyrocket until after 2004, giving interested companies time to
cement their strategies and partner with other firms.
Asked why the growth in state and local government outsourcing wouldn't
kick in until 2005, Krouse gives an appropriate answer: Politics. "2004
is an election year," he says. "No one wants to be seen as being
responsible for potentially cutting jobs [through outsourcing]."
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http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16700603
Report: Offshore Outsourcing Often Still More The Exception Than The
Rule
A Forrester Research report says most major companies have yet to
outsource overseas and are just beginning to investigate it.
By Thomas Claburn, InformationWeek
Dec. 15, 2003
While every day seems to bring news of more IT jobs moving
offshore--such as Monday's report in The Wall Street Journal that IBM
plans to move as many as 4,730 programming jobs to China, India, and
elsewhere--such stories may represent the exception rather than the
rule, at least in the near term.
A recent report from Forrester Research, "Users' Offshore Evolution And
Its Governance Impact," states that more than 60% of Fortune 1,000
companies have yet to outsource overseas or are just beginning to
investigate relationships with offshore service providers in locations
such as India, the Philippines, and Russia. "A lot of people view
offshore as a done deal, like everybody's doing it, which I think is an
overstatement today," says Forrester analyst John McCarthy, who
authored the brief.
While acknowledging that outsourcing will continue to become more
prevalent over the next few years, McCarthy contends that "it's taken
on a bit of a fad mentality, where people view it as kind of a quick
fix." The result, he says, is "unrealistic expectations about how long
it's going to take to ramp up any meaningful investment or reliance on
offshore."
With offshore moves realistically taking anywhere from 24 to 60 months
or more, McCarthy suggests that successful management of offshore
resources requires governance capable of adapting to the changing needs
of the business relationship. "How well aligned are business and IT;
are they at each other's throats all the time?" he asks. "How
sophisticated are your IT processes? How rigorous are they? Are you
used to things like service-level agreements? These all dictate how
easy or relatively easy it'll be to manage the offshore provider."
IBM declined comment Monday on the Journal report, but did issue a
statement saying that on a percentage basis, it expects its "hiring
across the Americas to outpace the hiring in the rest of the world."
http://money.cnn.com/2003/12/17/pf/q_nomorework/index.htm?cnn=yes
Vanishing jobs
Structural change in the economy means many jobs are never going to
come back.
December 18, 2003: 12:47 PM EST
Leslie Haggin Geary, CNN/Money staff writer
New York (CNN/Money) - If Smokestack America has a geographic center,
it may be Kannapolis, N.C. That's where locals used to produce sheets,
towels and other linens at the Pillowtex manufacturing plant.
That was before this past summer, when Pillowtex went bankrupt,
shuttered 16 plants and eliminated 5,500 jobs in North Carolina.
The closing made the town of Kannapolis - a community of some 39,000
souls and birthplace of NASCAR legend Dale Earnhardt -- home to the
biggest single job loss at a U.S. textile plant ever. It was also the
most sweeping layoff in North Carolina history.
Kannapolis's job losses may cut wide and deep, but it's not the only
community that's witnessed job losses in recent years.
Since 2001, some 2.9 million private sector jobs have been lost,
according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Many of those jobs won't ever return, even as the economy recovers, say
experts. What's more, this isn't just true for blue-collar workers at
places like Pillowtex.
"It's starting to happen in high-tech professions which we felt were
'ours,'" says Nariman Behravesh, chief economist at Global Insights, a
consulting firm. "That's what's shocking people."
Automated? Outta here
An August Federal Reserve study estimates that as many as 79 percent of
jobs are in industries where jobs have been lost forever, a phenomenon
Fed economists call "structural change."
Another estimate by Forester Research goes into more specifics.
Forrester estimates that by 2015, some 3.3 million service-sector jobs
will be shipped overseas or rendered obsolete by technology. Forester
analyst John McCarthy says jobs that are most at risk require fewer
skills, are automated or are highly portable.
Those include computer programming and software engineer jobs, that
have long been leaving the country. By 2015, 26 percent of those jobs
will be gone, says McCarthy.
Clerical jobs, like accounts receivable and payable, financial
research, data-entry and various administrative services also are
vulnerable since their tasks are either becoming automated or can be
performed by less-expensive workers somewhere else.
Even government jobs are getting farmed out, albeit far more slowly,
says Gartner Group's government analyst Rashid Sood.
"Off-shoring is a political hot potato," notes Sood.
Hot, but not verboten.
In Washington, for example, the state's Health Care Authority recently
awarded a $3 million job to contractor Health Access, which outsourced
computer-programming jobs to India.
The HCA needed to upgrade a computer system used to track participant's
in the state's insurance program. It wanted $5.4 million to get the job
done but state lawmakers granted a budget of $3.6 million for the task,
said agency spokesman Dave Wasser.
"They were the lowest bidder that met all the criteria," Wasser said.
"Going overseas was part of what got them the bid lower."
Manufacturing still feels most pain
While things may be tougher for white-collar workers, it's still the
men and women in manufacturing jobs who are most affected by structural
change. Of the 2.9 million private-sector jobs that have been lost
since 1991, a full 2.56 million are from manufacturing.
Robert DuPree, vice president of government relations at American
Textile Manufacturers Institute, contends that inexpensive imports from
China are to blame for the demise of American textiles. "We're in a
fight for survival, and it's not getting better," he says.
(In fact, political pressure over jobs recently prompted the Bush
administration to impose punitive tariffs on certain Chinese products.
Click here to read more on that subject.)
One out of every three textile jobs, like those at Pillowtex, that were
filled back in 1997 - when some 656,000 workers were employed by the
industry - is now gone, according to Labor Department figures. This
year alone, the industry shed 49,500 jobs.
Things aren't much better for the men and women who make clothing. Even
that quintessentially American company, Levi Strauss, closed its last
U.S. production plant this September.
It's not alone. Since 1994, the apparel industry has shrunk by 35
percent - from 848,800 jobs to 550,900 jobs today, Labor Department
figures show.
The future doesn't look bright, either. "These apparel textile jobs
aren't coming back," says Mark Levinson, chief economist at UNITE, the
trade union for apparel and textile workers. "Once they're gone,
they're gone."
http://asia.cnet.com/newstech/industry/0,39001143,39161581,00.htm
Siemens to expand in China and India
By Staff, CNET News.com
15/12/2003
URL: http://asia.cnet.com/newstech/industry/0,39001143,39161581,00.htm
German electronics and industrial giant Siemens AG announced Friday
that it will move 10,000 software development jobs to China and India,
as well as Russia and central and eastern European countries, where
wages are lower.
Siemens aims to have one-third of its 30,000 software developers in
low-wage countries, a sharp rise from the few thousand that a Siemens
spokesman told the Associated Press, an international newswire,
currently has in such countries. The time frame for the shift has not
yet been specified.
Siemens also plans to move some of its production and accounting
operations offshore, the Financial Times, a British daily, reported.
Back-office operations for Europe are being shifted to the Czech
Republic in a pilot project.
Siemens cited the cost advantages and strong growth potential in those
countries, as well as competitors moves to outsourcing and
lower-cost country expansion.
Munich-based Siemens has 417,000 global employees, with around 40
percent in Germany.
http://www.internetnews.com/wireless/article.php/3288471
AMD Goes On The Offensive
By Michael Singer
December 12, 2003
It may not be the largest chip maker, but AMD (Quote, Chart) is working
to capture the buzz of developers with next-generation product
releases, many aimed at digital media for the home.
Following last month's news about a new plant in Germany, the
Sunnyvale, Calif.-based company Thursday said it is establishing a new
wholly owned subsidiary and more laboratories in Beijing, China to
spread its development initiatives.
President and CEO Hector Ruiz traveled to Beijing this week to meet
with senior Chinese government officials. The company said its new
subsidiary -- Advanced Micro Devices (China) Co., Ltd. -- will serve as
a centrally located service area for a wider range of business
operations in the region. AMD said it will also consolidate management,
staff and operations in China through the new subsidiary.
"China is quickly becoming an economic and technology leader," Ruiz
said in a statement. "AMD is committed to supporting the growth of
China's overall information technology market and strengthening our
long-term, successful relationships with our customers and partners in
China."
In coordination with BLX IC Design Corp., AMD's development facility
will build products that offer customers new choices in thin client
solutions.
AMD's other contract plans with China's Founder Group will establish a
Platform Development Lab for information appliances beyond the PC
market. That joint effort will initially focus on home digital media
centers.
The AMD/BLX lab already has traction. A new BLX Thin Client RDK
GSTB-3602 powered by BLX Godson-1 32bit low-cost processor is available
now. A RDK GSTB-4001 version running on a 400Mhz AMD Alchemy Au1500
chip is planned to debut in January 2004. Both versions come complete
with a Linux operating system (2.4.18 kernel) and are designed to be
used for low-cost thin client, and network firewall/VPN for small
office.
"Building on our plans for growth in the Chinese market, we are pleased
to partner with BLX to deliver superior solutions to customers and
increase visibility of China designs worldwide," AMD China corporate
vice president Karen Guo said in a statement. "We look forward to a
long-term relationship in China."
AMD's other venture with Founder will be more focused on the Chinese
consumer market and finding out what kinds of things end users want in
their computing experience.
As part of the contract, Founder will be providing supporting
infrastructure, technical expertise and engineering staff among other
things to the Lab, while AMD will focus on using its low-power Alchemy
and set-top-box Geode processors. AMD will also bring its brand of
development tools, products, dedicated engineering support, and
reference design kits to the Lab.
"Working with Founder to establish the joint lab allows AMD to continue
its own human-centric computing efforts and leverage Founder's market
leadership to accelerate AMD Alchemy and AMD Geode Solutions into
China," Guo said.
In other news, AMD this week said it is advancing its next-generation
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistor design to reach the 45-nanometer
process size. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
The company said its new transistor design uses three gates, instead of
one as in today's transistors, and has the potential to shrink down to
20 nm and below. Company execs said the best part is that AMD's
transistor is not dependent upon the use of so-called "high-k" gate
dielectric materials, which have been shown to have negative effects on
some aspects of transistor performance.
"Each time you shrink transistors in a new technology generation, it
presents additional challenges. Reducing electrical leakage when the
transistor is off is one challenge, but equally important is maximizing
electrical flow when the transistor is on," said AMD Fellow Ming-Ren
Lin.
"While research from other companies often addresses these challenges
individually, AMD's approach is to address all of them as an integrated
whole."
Currently, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
forecasts that transistor gates, the primary parts of transistors that
turn the flow of electricity on and off, will need to be as small as 20
nm in order to achieve performance projections for the 45 nm
generation. Today, minimum gate lengths in the highest-performance
microprocessors from AMD are approximately 50 nm.
Along those same lines, AMD (in concert with Fujitsu) said it is
beefing up efforts to improve its Flash memory for wireless devices.
The partnership known as FASL said it would increase production of its
110nm 128Mbit memory chips some 80 percent by the end of next year. The
concern also said it will increase production of 110nm 128Mbit
equivalent capacity chips by 60 percent. Products related to this
subject include wireless, cellular, automotive, networking,
telecommunications and consumer electronics markets.
The ramp up of AMD's 110nm technology is also expected to support AMD's
Floating Gate, MirrorBit technologies, and a new simultaneous
read-write (SRW) product families.
"The far-sighted decision taken back in 2001 to convert Fab 25 from a
logic fab to a dedicated Flash memory Fab is validated by the ramp in
output from this Fab and the solid execution supporting 170nm in 2002,
130nm today and 110nm technology in 2004," FASL president and CEO
Bertrand Cambou said in a statement. "The inclusion of Fab 25 in FASL
LLC together with JV1, JV2 and JV3 doubles our total capacity through
2004, establishing a manufacturing powerhouse in Flash memory in
support of our customers' business growth."
The company said its 128Mbit equivalent output on 110nm and 130nm from
Fab 25 is planned to grow 8-fold by end of year 2004 compared to last
quarter.
http://www.iht.com/articles/120443.html
Outsourcing: The calculus of migrating jobs
Erika Kinetz IHT Saturday, December 6, 2003
The outsourcing of jobs to lower-cost locations is not new, but it has
a chilling new adjective: professional. Advances in communications
technology have enabled white-collar jobs to migrate to the developing
world as never before - a phenomenon that has provoked an outcry from
sectors that had thought themselves invulnerable.
.
Money Report convened a round table of experts at the Algonquin Hotel
in New York last month to explore how job migration is changing the
global landscape, and what those changes might mean for investors.
Participants in the panel, which was moderated by Erika Kinetz, were:
Eric Johnson, Tuck School at Darmouth, Business Professor Josh Bivens,
Economic Policy Institute, Economist Diana Farrell, McKinsey Global
Institute, Director Stephen Roach, Morgan Stanley, Chief Economist
Edmound Hariss, Guinness Atkinson, Fund Manager
.
Erika Kinetz: How big an issue is job migration?
.
Stephen Roach: [by conference call from Singapore] Offshore outsourcing
is a huge deal. Twenty-three months into recovery, private-sector jobs
are running nearly 7 million workers below the norm of the typical
hiring cycle. These are shortfalls we have never seen before.
.
In China, foreign-invested enterprises employ about 3.5 million
workers. That number has grown 3 to 3.5 times over the past decade. Add
in the subsidiaries funded out of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, you've
got another 3.25 million workers. Employment in the information
technology business in India is 650,000 right now and is supposed to go
up another three to four times in the next five years. You've got a
triangulation of evidence which suggests America is short of jobs as
never before and the major candidates for our offshore outsourcing are
ramping up employment as never before. So, yes, I think two and two is
four.
.
Diana Farrell: This is a big deal in that we see something structural
happening. But I would react to the notion that it is a big deal we
should try to stop or recognize as anything other than the economic
process of change. I think the bigger deal is the fact that we are
going to have very serious curtailment of the working-age population.
.
Josh Bivens: I'm curious about Steve's assertion that outsourcing can
explain the sluggish employment situation. If you look at slow growth
plus fast productivity, you've got the sluggish labor market right
there.
.
Roach: A pickup in productivity does not have to be accompanied by
sluggish employment. There are countless examples, like the 1960's and
again the 1990's, of rapid productivity growth accompanied by rapid
employment growth. The point is that the relationship between aggregate
demand and employment growth looks to me as if it has broken down. That
breakdown reflects not just the rapid growth and maturation of
outsourcing platforms in places like China and India but also the
accelerated pace by which these platforms can now be connected to the
developed world through the Internet. These are brand-new developments.
This is a huge challenge for service-based economies, like the United
States.
.
Bivens: How much of the insecurity that people think is caused by
service-sector outsourcing is in fact just the business cycle as usual?
Every time there's a recession, people want to blame it on some
underlying structural factor, when sometimes recessions are just
recessions, shortfalls in demand that work themselves out.
.
Roach: We had a China-style GDP growth in the U.S. in the third quarter
of this year. Over the period from September through November
employment has turned up, but many of those jobs came from the
temporary hiring industry. These are service jobs, contingent workers
without benefits and significantly lower pay scales. We're getting the
GDP growth, and by now any recovery in the past would be flashing green
on the hiring front. This one isn't.
.
With all due respect, I don't know what you guys are talking about.
This is a profoundly different relationship between hiring and the
business cycle. And I think these jobs are, by and large, lost forever.
.
Kinetz: Nearly 2.8 million jobs have been lost since George Bush took
office in January 2001. In response, he has offered some fairly
conventional economic medicine: tax cuts, deficit spending and low
interest rates to jump-start a business recovery, which will ultimately
create jobs. With the added element of outsourcing, is this kind of
calculus still applicable today?
.
Farrell: Across countries, not just the U.S., the policies you describe
are helpful on the margin. But the real engine of productivity growth,
which leads to long-term sustainable GDP per capita growth, is
innovation. That happens when you create the right competitive
environment. Then you get the dynamic we saw in the U.S. in the 1990's,
where you had dramatic productivity growth and dramatic job creation.
.
That's what we should be focusing on: How we do ensure those conditions
stay in place? How do we not get frightened and move down protectionist
paths?
.
Roach: Fiscal policy is such a blunt instrument, it can't touch this.
Policies can stimulate demand, but they cannot redirect supply from
offshore outsourcing back to domestic platforms. That dynamic is
determined by a much more powerful arbitrage of labor costs, which
macropolicy is unable to control.
.
Kinetz: How many jobs from the United States, Europe and Japan have
been lost to offshoring? Is anyone keeping track?
.
Bivens: Not really. There are no firm numbers I've ever seen that
convince me we're right even really to an order of magnitude.
.
Roach: There is not going to be a government statistical gathering
function in America that's going to even come close to capturing this.
.
Kinetz: Who wins in offshoring and who loses?
.
Farrell: It's a global-wealth-creation story over all. The Indias of
the world are certainly benefiting. We see that in terms of job growth,
which is dramatic; through the rise in consumption, which is showing up
as demand for our goods, which is not as rapid as it might be.
.
And it's ultimately a global wealth story for ourselves. We are getting
huge savings we can redeploy in positive ways. Earnings for the
activities being done in India by U.S. companies are repatriated. If we
have faith in the job creation opportunities of this economy - and
that's at some point an open question - we have the ability to redeploy
that labor to more productive and higher output use. The framing of
this debate as a zero-sum game is false. This is a win-win game.
.
There is an assumption by protectionists that these jobs are going
somewhere else and all this money has been pocketed by CEO's who take
it home. A little more sophisticated version is: It's being pocketed by
companies in form of profits. One step further and you say those
profits are either going to go as returns to the investors in those
companies, or they're going to go into new investment by those
companies. Those savings enable me, if I am an investor, to consume
more and therefore contribute to job recreation, and if I am a company,
to re-invest and create jobs.
.
That's important because I agree that we are migrating jobs away, some
of which will never return, nor should they.
.
Bivens: Within nations, trade tends to redistribute a lot of income.
People were worried about the effects of trade on the U.S.
manufacturing sector in the 1980's, and some now look back and say,
"Well, since the '80's we've created lots of jobs, we've had impressive
GDP growth in the aggregate, so all those fears were groundless." I
don't think they were groundless. We saw a staggering rise in income
inequality in the U.S. during that time, a chunk of which was driven by
international trade.
.
The gains get pretty concentrated in the pockets of capital owners. The
people who lose out are the blue-collar workers. Now you've got this
class of middle management white-collar workers who are much more
insecure about their job prospects, and their labor market bargaining
power is being undermined. It doesn't mean we need walls all around the
economy, but it does mean we need to get really serious about making
sure all these gains are distributed.
.
Edmund Harriss: Look at what's gone on in China over the last 10 years.
There are 300 million people in those eastern coastal provinces who
have seen an extraordinary pickup in their standard of living. Now it
is people in the developed world who are being left behind. That is
very difficult to resolve.
.
Kinetz: One key piece of the win-win theory seems to be that displaced
workers will find new jobs. What does history teach us about how well
displaced manufacturing workers have been reintegrated into the work
force?
.
Bivens: The best research on what happens to people displaced from
manufacturing is that they eventually find a new job, but they take an
average wage cut of 13 percent to 14 percent. The people who are hit
hardest are older workers. Also, it's not just the worker who is
directly displaced from a sector that is hurt by international trade,
it is also every other worker in the economy who has a similar skills
profile.
.
Kinetz: So for labor, is outsourcing a race to the bottom?
.
Roach: It's a race to the bottom if we spend all our energy trying to
protect existing sources of job creation, as the politicians in the
U.S. Congress are inclined to do.
.
The problem is that globalization is growing asymmetrically, so
initially it creates more supply than demand. We're living through that
asymmetry right now, and that has caused a potentially dangerous
political backlash. The Chinese, for example, are reluctant to
transform their habits from savers to consumers because they're losing
jobs through the reform of their own economy, and they don't have a
safety net. They don't have social security or retirement. As China
puts its own infrastructure in place that converts savers into
consumers, over time there is a rising tide. But the political process
is not that patient.
.
Kinetz: If protectionism is the wrong answer, explain how the market
will solve this. Does government need to intervene at all?
.
Roach: This is classic election-year posturing by a Congress that is
basically responsible for the problem itself and doesn't want to admit
it. We have trade deficits with China and Japan because Washington is
running the most reckless fiscal policy we've seen in the United States
since the late 1960's. They are the problem. It's not the Chinas and
Japans and Indias of the world.About two-thirds of the export growth in
China over the last 10 years has come from Chinese subsidiaries of
multinational corporations headquartered in Japan, the U.S. and Europe
and their joint venture partners. These are our companies. It's us;
it's not them.
.
Eric Johnson: Out in the San Francisco Bay Area, we see what look like
high-paid, sophisticated IT jobs going offshore, but really they're not
that sophisticated. What is happening, for example, with Accenture, is
that the role the consultant plays is changing. Low-skill jobs like
coding are moving offshore and what's left in their place is the need
for far more advanced project-management skills.
.
Farrell: We will require all kinds of new things for an aging
population. Fifteen years ago, you would not have been able to fathom a
large number of the jobs that exist today - technical jobs that didn't
exist for equipment that didn't exist in facilities that didn't exist.
.
Kinetz: How is outsourcing changing Asia?
.
Harriss: There are two Chinas. In the cities, there is a youth culture,
a bar culture, pop music, and a freer flow of information. But anybody
over the age of 45 remembers starvation. When they were kids growing
up, it was gray, bleak, power shortages, Mao suits, not enough food,
eating grass and roots. There's the glitzy world of Shanghai, where
it's as Western as can be and there are young hip kids with MP3
players. And then there is another world, too.
.
Roach: Last year China received $53 billion of foreign direct
investment, making it the largest recipient in the world. India got $2
billion. Services don't need FDI. Services just need people and
Internet-based connectivity. The service sector outsourcing model is a
totally different, radical opportunity for economic development. We've
been hearing great stories about India for 35-40 years, and they've
never borne fruit. This one seems to be working differently. I'm
optimistic that it's a transforming event.
.
Farrell: A lot of the gains to developing economies, as to our own
economy, are in the form of lower prices, higher quality, and broader
choice. Since the opening up of the car sector in China, there has been
a 31 percent decline in prices. That's a whole year's worth of savings
for somebody.
.
Harriss: There is not much innovation in Asia of the kind we're looking
at to create jobs in the U.S. Apart from a few exceptions, what Asia
does well is take the latest innovations and production techniques,
invest in the most recent equipment and then bring in their powerful
advantages in low cost labor, and start to produce. There aren't too
many places in Asia where you can say these guys are seriously better
than anybody else in the world, with the exception of the Taiwanese
foundries, like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing. They've surpassed
the Japanese now. Samsung Electronics could probably make that claim
for, say, the production of flat panels.
.
The benefits to Asia are just going to come with more people coming off
the poverty line and into the global economy.
.
Kinetz: What happens when China ceases to be an endless pit of poverty?
.
Roach: China for all practical purposes has an infinite supply of
labor: 400 million in its urban population and another 900 million in
the rural area. The average wage of a Chinese worker is still 2.5
percent to 3 percent of the counterpart in the high-waged developed
world. Those are disparities that will be around for a long time.
.
Kinetz: Can China keep labor costs so low and still grow a critical
mass of domestic consumers?
.
Farrell: You are still talking about a pretty significant critical mass
of people who are now entering consumption-level incomes: $7,000 to
$10,000 GDP per capita. Car sales in China are growing at 26 percent to
30 percent compound annual growth rates. Televisions, refrigerators,
mobile handsets all have the same kind of J-curve. You only need 10
percent of the population to have a critical mass of income. I think
you can actually have your cake and eat it, too: a long-term labor
arbitrage opportunity coupled with pretty demanding consumption growth.
.
Kinetz: How can investors take advantage of these trends?
.
Harriss: The prospects for investing in China are looking better than
they have for some time. With the arrival of the consumer on the scene,
we're seeing companies that are able to participate in this growth and
make money out of it. What investors may be worried about is that we've
seen such strong growth recently, maybe it's excessive and maybe China
will hit a rock, and we'll go boom-bust. But if the economy isn't as
dependent as it was on government spending to keep it moving, then I
think investors can be more sanguine.
.
Areas that have been doing well are basic materials (Anhui Conch
Cement); electricity generation (Huaneng Power International); export
manufacturing (Techtronic Industries, which makes power tools and
supplies for Home Depot); manufacturing for the consumer market,
including automobiles (Denway Motors, which has a joint venture with
Honda Motor), textile manufacturing; electronic goods (Compal
Electronics in Taiwan); and in petrochemicals (CNOOC, an oil and
natural gas producer.)
.
I would set aside those stocks that have suddenly run up on the back of
improved China sentiment. There are steel companies out there that
shouldn't be.
.
Kinetz: What do you see as the main challenges for the future?
.
Bivens: Globalization is good at increasing the productive capacity of
the world, but to make sure there are enough jobs for everybody, you
need demand to keep pace with that increase in supply. That's where
globalization presents a real challenge.
.
Government's big roles in the future are to make sure global demand
matches supply, and to provide social insurance schemes to make sure
the living standards of the workers being left behind aren't sacrificed
on the altar of global progress.
.
Roach: Our virtues lie in a flexible and open, technology-friendly,
risk-taking, entrepreneurial, market-driven system. This is exactly the
same type of challenge farmers went through in the late 1800's,
sweat-shop workers went through in the early 1900's and again
manufacturing workers did in the first half of the 1980's.
.
We've got to focus on setting in motion a debate that pushes us into
new sources of job creation rather than bemoaning the loss of jobs to
others who have the advantage of doing tasks that we're getting priced
out of. There are Republican and Democrats alike who are involved in
this protectionist backlash. They're very vocal right now, and they
need to be challenged.
.
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